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  1. 1 2 Power Central Middle Ages hlm. 304
  2. ↑ Mommsen "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" Speculum hlm. 226
  3. 1 2 Mommsen "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" Speculum hlmn. 236–237
  4. ↑ Singman Daily Life hlm. x
  5. ↑ Knox "Sejarah Gagasan Abad Pembaharuan"
  6. 1 2 Bruni History of the Florentine people hlm. xvii
  7. ↑ Miglio "Curial Humanism" Interpretations of Renaissance Humanism hlm. 112
  8. ↑ Albrow Global Age hlm. 205
  9. 1 2 Murray "Should the Middle Ages Be Abolished?" Essays in Medieval Studies hlm. 4
  10. ↑ Flexner (ed.) Random House Dictionary hlm. 1194
  11. ↑ "Middle Ages" Dictionary.com
  13. ↑ Lihat Watts, Making of Polities Europe 1300–1500, atau Epstein, Economic History of Later Medieval Europe 1000–1500, atau tarikh penutup yang digunakan dalam Holmes (penyunting), Oxford History of Medieval Europe
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ Lihat Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485 oleh Saul
  16. ↑ Kamen Spain 1469–1714 hlm. 29
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